Microsoft Office Outlook Privilege Escalation Vulnerability
CVE-2023-23397 is a security vulnerability in Microsoft Office, added to CISA KEV on March 14, 2023. Patch order: second of four.
What is CVE-2023-23397?
Microsoft Office Outlook contains a privilege escalation vulnerability that allows for a NTLM Relay attack against another service to authenticate as the user.
Who is affected by CVE-2023-23397?
Affects anyone using Microsoft 365 or Office to compose, store, or send email, documents, or spreadsheets. In a small practice, that's typically where client communications, engagement letters, and case notes live — credential compromise here means an attacker reads everything that platform stores.
What should I do about CVE-2023-23397?
Apply updates per vendor instructions.
If you don't have someone in-house to verify the patch deployed across every endpoint — or you're not sure whether you're affected — that's exactly the kind of triage we do. Request a free review.
Insurance readiness
Your insurer will ask if this is patched.
Unpatched entries on CISA's Known Exploited Vulnerabilities list are exactly what cyber-insurance carrier questionnaires probe for, and knowing which controls they check is how you keep a renewal from stalling.
Get the free carrier questionnaire →Severity
CVSS base score: 9.8 — CRITICAL
Weakness classifications: CWE-20, CWE-294
Microsoft fix
Microsoft Exploitability Index (assessed at update release): Exploitation Detected
Microsoft has confirmed in-the-wild exploitation in the latest software release. This aligns with CISA's listing of this CVE.
Vendor workaround
Vendor-published mitigation
The following mitigating factors may be helpful in your situation:
- Add users to the Protected Users Security Group, which prevents the use of NTLM as an authentication mechanism. Performing this mitigation makes troubleshooting easier than other methods of disabling NTLM. Consider using it for high value accounts such as Domain Admins when possible. Please note: This may cause impact to applications that require NTLM, however the settings will revert once the user is removed from the Protected Users Group. Please see Protected Users Security Group for more information.
- Block TCP 445/SMB outbound from your network by using a perimeter firewall, a local firewall, and via your VPN settings. This will prevent the sending of NTLM authentication messages to remote file shares.
A workaround reduces exposure while you patch — it is not a substitute for the update. Install the fix above as soon as you can.
CISA due date
CISA's listed due date: April 4, 2023.
Federal civilian agencies work under CISA's Binding Operational Directive 26-04, which replaced BOD 22-01 on June 10, 2026. It sets the deadline for each affected system by:
- How exposed that system is to the internet
- Whether the attack can be automated
- How much control it gives an attacker
Its table gives catalogued vulnerabilities 3 or 14 days.
None of this binds a private business, but treat the date as a strong recommendation, especially if you handle regulated data (HIPAA, GLBA, ABA model rules).
EPSS
EPSS score: 97.2% — higher than 100% of all scored CVEs.
EPSS estimates the probability of exploitation activity in the next 30 days. Every entry on this site is already confirmed exploited, so read it as relative urgency among the things you still have open, not as permission to wait.
Other exploited Microsoft Office entries
More CISA KEV entries for Microsoft Office. Same product line, same actively-exploited status.
Source
This entry comes from CISA's Known Exploited Vulnerabilities catalog, public US-Government data we pull daily. The plain-language framing and the what-to-do guidance above are ours. View the original entry on cisa.gov.